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My Spring of 100 Mistakes - Part 4

Posted in July 30th, 2008
by Jeff Mather in Large Format Camera, Fodder for Techno-weenies, Life Lessons, USA, Travel, Photography


Downtown Casper, Wyoming

I picked up twenty sheets of developed 4×5″ film from the lab today. Although I made hundreds of photographs with my digital camera, these were certainly the most enjoyable to produce and also the ones that filled me with the most trepidation. I’m pleased to report that the results were rather good. Not 100% what I would like . . . but then again I’m a perfectionist who is getting spoiled by the quick (and virtuous) feedback cycle afforded by digital capture and editing.

I really only used my large format camera about a dozen times on the trip, since I bracket most of my exposures, making an extra photograph with a different amount of light reaching the film. The goal is to have a better chance at getting the “right” exposure. On those dozen occasions, the responses from the people around me ran the gamut from indifference to excited interest. I talked to a few people while composing the scene with my head under the focusing cloth; disembodied voices asking me about how my camera works. There were also several people who thought that because I was incapable of seeing them, I also couldn’t hear their conversations about me.

I think my favorite conversation was with a British fellow about my age in Yellowstone.

“That’s some serious gear.” Most people’s first realization that something is up occurs when I unfold the camera as it sits on the tripod. “Are you a professional?”

“No. I’m just a guy with a very expensive hobby; but I’m having a lot of fun.”

Over the next minutes, I attached my wide-angle lens to the camera, set up a photograph of the Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone, focused the camera, took a few meter readings, set the exposure time and aperture, and switched closed the shutter. At that point almost everything is done. I just had to insert the film holder and trip the shutter.

“WOW! That’s some serious gear!” Something about the Quickload film holder touched a geeky, gadget-loving part in my onlooker. I put a sheet of film in the holder, waited for the wind to subside a bit, and tripped the cable release.

“That’s it?” While I find something immensely charming in the mechanical sound of the shutter winding down the fraction of a second that it’s open, most people think it’s anticlimactic, as though fireworks should shoot out from the camera. But then again, I suppose we’re accustomed to thinking that if someone spends fifteen minutes getting a camera ready, the result should be a poster-sized print that magically appears.

The funny thing is, my mom had the same reaction. She wanted to see how my view camera works, so we collaboratively made the image you see above. And I have to admit, it was a bit disappointing that I had to make her wait three weeks to see the result.

But I talked to several very nice people, and a few even took me up on the offer to pop under the focusing hood and see the image on the ground glass. That reaction is the one that makes me the happiest. It usually goes something like this: “It’s dark under here. . . . WHOA! That’s amazing.”

Anyway, enough accentuating the positive. Let’s talk about mistakes.

Fourteen: My ability to get the “correct” exposure sucks (to put it bluntly). As I mentioned, I have been taking a second exposure, usually 1/2 stop brighter, in an effort to get it right. The darker images — which use the exposure values suggested by my meter — are usually 1/2 to one-and-a-half stops underexposed. So I’m going to change my exposure compensation and start bracketing in whole stops. (And eventually I’m going to get an instant film holder to check the images in the field and finally be able to show onlookers something tangible.)

Fifteen: I forgot the filter compensation factor for my polarizing filter. I guessed two stops at maximum effect and seem to have gotten it about right.

Sixteen: Camera shake is quite visible in a 20 square-inch image. Evidently, I need to wait for the camera to settle after the wind stops blowing and after I pull the dark slide on the film. A couple of the image were a bit blurry and not because of focus.

(And for the curious, I’m working on my “ghetto film scanner,” since I still don’t have a scanner that accepts 4×5. The images lack quite a bit of resolution, dynamic range, and color fidelity. But by adding an opaque mask around my film on the light table, I’ve at least managed to get rid of some of the annoying fringing at the edges of the images. I still must use Photoshop to crop the image, correct the perspective, and “fix” the color; and I don’t feel right using it for anything other than showing off here.

I made a couple photographs of my pathetic setup. Yes, it’s made with two hanging file folders taped together which are held flat by whatever I happen to be reading. (Right now that’s the excellent Devil in the White City.)


Like a copy stand but not as functional


The film holder and light shield

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My Spring of 100 Mistakes - Part 3

Posted in June 25th, 2008
by Jeff Mather in Fodder for Techno-weenies, Large Format Camera, Life Lessons, Photography

Spring is officially over, but I’m continuing to make mistakes with my large format camera. Not a lot of mistakes. Not major mistakes, just little mistakes. But I’m really glad that I’ve been learning close to home so that I can make changes before our big trip. (Next Monday we start a four week jaunt around the West, starting in Denver and making a sweeping northward arc before turning around in Portland, Oregon.)

I’m at the point now where many of my mistakes could be solved — or at least ameliorated — through the judicious use of instant film for proofing. Sadly, Polaroid is discontinuing instant film by the end of the summer. The silver lining is that Fujifilm makes instant pull-apart film. The yet-more bad news, though, is that I would have to buy another $125 film holder. (Photography as a hobby is akin to heroin use — or golf; you always have the opportunity to buy something more.)

Nevertheless, I have good news to share. Last weekend I took my camera with me to Winchester and made a couple of exposures before viewing the juried show at the Griffin. (More on that later.) One of my photographs was unpleasantly dark; but the one that I spent about fifteen minutes setting up turned out quite nicely, if just a tad underexposed. It was quite gratifying to be able to use all of the features of a view camera to make an image I couldn’t really do with my SLR.

As for mistakes and lessons learned. . .

Eight: Those little numbers on the lens and the incident light-meter matter. I think the reason that one of my photographs was so underexposed was that I didn’t exercise sufficient care in setting the f/stop. It’s also possible that the shutter on my lens needs a 1/3 - 1/2 stop correction factor. But there’s not a lot of distance on these lenses between correctly set and wildly wrong. I must exercise more caution.

Plus the off-camera meter specifies exposure down to 1/10 of a stop. f/45 plus 0.7 is not equivalent to f/64. If using a large format camera has taught me anything, it’s that you pay dearly for the smallest bit of laziness.

Nine: Always take another exposure reading before tripping the shutter. Light changes slightly even on a mostly sunny day.

Ten: Focusing is pretty tricky, even though the ground glass is enormous (four-by-five inches, fer-goodness-sake). You see, I’m what you might call very nearsighted. So I wear glasses, but when I look at things very close to my nose while wearing my glasses, everything is blurry. What to do?

Fancy-pants photographers buy expensive loupes with rubber edges so they can place them right on the ground glass. I use an inexpensive plastic magnifying glass. It has two magnification levels, seems to do the job very well, and doesn’t take up much space in my bag.

Eleven: It gets pretty hot under the focusing cloth. Wear cool clothes on a hot day . . . or at least ones that won’t show how much you sweat.

Twelve: Use that graduated neutral-density filter to equalize sky and foreground exposure. I mean, I own a pair of them; I might as well avail myself of their awesomeness. (It’s been too long since I’ve been on top of my game.)

Thirteen: My film scanner doesn’t support 4×5 film after all. To “scan” the picture below, I had to take a photograph of it with my digital camera. It’s not a great likeness. How ghetto.


Spare yourself, and don’t click for larger

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My Spring of 100 Mistakes - Part 2

Posted in June 10th, 2008
by Jeff Mather in Large Format Camera, Life Lessons, Photography

It’s still spring — even though it was 96ºF outside today and 92º in the house — and I’m still making mistakes. If you missed it, you can still read about the first batch of mistakes I made with my newish 4×5 large format camera.

The first go-round assumed that I was doing things right to get light onto the film. An assumption that I wasn’t immediately able to test.

Mistake Five: Have a post-exposure plan. After I made some test black-and-white exposures in March, I didn’t consider what I would do with the film after tripping the shutter and putting the dark slide back into the film holder. (The dark slide is the thing that blocks light from striking the film while it’s in the holder and which is pulled out before tripping the shutter.) I don’t have any developing equipment. Nor do I have a lightproof box to hold the film until I can get it to the lab. So I still have a film holder loaded with two sheets of exposed film. Hmm. . . .

The B&W sheets are just for practice, since I plan on doing most of my work in color. Fortunately, I have a Fuji QuickLoad holder, which really simplifies things for certain color films. QuickLoad wraps the film in an envelope that does double duty as the dark slide and a convenient light-tight container before and after exposure. (”Naked” B&W film is about five times cheaper per sheet, though.)


Click for larger

So I took a few sheets of Fuji Velvia 100F QuickLoad film with me when we went to Marblehead on Memorial Day. On Saturday I took the three sheets of film to Newtonville Camera and dropped them off with the same peace of mind that I would 35mm film.


Click for larger

Six: Be sure to set the ISO dial correctly on the handheld lightmeter. Large format cameras don’t have a TTL exposure meter. (Actually, large format cameras don’t have much of anything that other “modern” cameras do.) So you have to use some kind of off-camera meter. I use a Sekonic incident/reflective meter, but I forgot to set the film dial to ISO 100 when I switched from shooting Tri-X film, which is ISO 320. (The bigger the ISO number the more sensitive the film and the less light that it needs for a “correct” exposure.)

When I returned home from Newtonville today with my newly developed film, I discovered — as you might expect — that all three of my exposures were about one-and-a-half stops underexposed:


Click for larger

Seven: If you don’t read the camera manual, you won’t know that the camera has a front swing mechanism. I didn’t read the manual.

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My Spring of 100 Mistakes

Posted in March 16th, 2008
by Jeff Mather in Large Format Camera, Life Lessons, Photography

A while back, I bought myself a new camera. Then about a month later, I figured out how to attach the lens to the lensboard. So, for a while I had a camera without a lens. Things were improving after adding the lens, but I still had no idea how to put film into it. Obviously it involved the “film holders” I bought. Clearly, I had a lot to learn.

Today, I embarked on my “Spring of 100 Mistakes” as I teach myself the practical techniques related to large format photography. We’ll see if I actually make it to 100 mistakes, or perhaps I’ll blow right past. My goal is to have a pretty solid intuition for how to operate my camera before taking it on our month-long summer trip through the American Rockies.

(Short side-story: I first started photographing in the summer of 1990 when we moved to Wyoming. On part of the six-hour drive from Casper to Yellowstone, I read the whole manual for the family’s mostly abandoned Sears KSX-P camera. By the time I got there, I was shooting Kodachrome slides without fear, just like everybody else. That was a great little camera with a Pentax K-series mount. I’ve been telling myself that I should sell it; I haven’t used it since buying my two Nikon rigs a couple years after graduating college, but there’s still a soft, squishy place in me for the camera. Anyway, I like the historical echo of going back to Yellowstone with a new camera and working without a net again.)

So here are the first few mistakes:

One: When loading film in complete darkness — a nonnegotiable requirement — know how to determine which side has the emulsion. The film is right side up when the notched corner is the upper-right-hand one.


The right way (Click for larger)


The wrong way (Click for larger)

Not a mistake I made, but still a helpful hint: The dark-slide, which blocks light from hitting the film until you pull it, has an “exposed” side and an “unexposed” side. Before turning off the lights, know which is which. The handle of the “exposed” side feels different.

Two: Know how to load the film before you get into the pitch black laundry room darkroom. There’s a flap on the end of film holder — it’s on the opposite end from the dark-slide handle — and it flips open for loading. You slide the film into this end and then flip it closed after loading. Load gently without actually touching the film. You figure that one out.


Open the film door after pulling the dark slide (Click for larger)


Loading the film (Click for larger)

Three: Have everything between the camera and the ground tightened down as much as possible before loading the film holder into the camera. Unlike 35mm cameras, you load the film at the last moment by pulling the spring-loaded ground-glass away from the camera and sliding the film holder between it and the bellows. If something isn’t tightened down, the scene that you photograph will look different than the one you composed. In my case, I locked down all of the tilt, shift and swing knobs and the tripod pan, tilt and swivel controls, but I hadn’t adequately tightened the quick-release plate onto the camera before mounting it to the tripod, so the whole camera turned quite a bit while I loaded the film.

Four: Know your film’s ISO speed in the field. There’s no ISO dial to set, just a number that you enter into your handheld lightmeter. I couldn’t even remember what kind of black and white film I had: T-Max 100 or Tri-X, which I thought was 400. I split the difference and said 200 ISO, which was close to the real value of 320 but not perfect.

Now I just have to figure out how to develop the film that I exposed today. . . .

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Attaching a lensboard to a large format lens

Posted in December 9th, 2007
by Jeff Mather in Large Format Camera, Photography

I have to confess that I’m a little intimidated by my new camera. My first question, “How do I attach the lens to the camera?”

So I went to the two books I have: Jack Dykinga’s Large Format Nature Photography and Ansel Adams’ The Camera. But these didn’t quite have the practical information I needed. So I went to the Internet, which of course had plenty of contradictory information. One site recommended using a camera repair shop for the task. Another said I could do it myself if I sent the kids out of the room. All of this contradictory information was tempered by David C. Karp’s authoritative lens primer, which gave me the confidence to try it myself.

My experience is that attaching a lens to a lensboard (which attaches to the camera) is really easy.

Here’s what you need:

  • A lens
  • A lensboard
  • A lens wrench that matches the shutter on your lens

I’m going to assume that the shutter is already attached to your lens. It may be more difficult if this isn’t the case.

To attach the lens to the board:

  1. Unscrew the rear half of the lens from the shutter.
  2. Unscrew the ring collar from the shutter.
  3. Place the lensboard on the shutter and align it to suit your tastes.
  4. Screw the ring back onto the shutter, sandwiching the lensboard between the shutter and the flange.
  5. Tighten the ring so that the lens does not move when you try to mount it on the camera or use the controls. You will need to use the lens wrench to get the ring tight. (See the picture below.) I’ve read that you should avoid overtightening.
  6. Screw the rear half of the lens back on, and you’re done.

That was easy!

I plan on posting more of these little tidbits as I learn how to use my camera. Next up: loading film.

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Clickin’ it old school

Posted in November 13th, 2007
by Jeff Mather in Large Format Camera, Photography

Toyo 45CF cameraAfter about a year of thinking it over, I finally bought myself a Toyo View 45CF large format field camera. I’m now officially retro . . . old school.

More details to follow.


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